Professional statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology Disorder and Its Treatment

Presentation In the present world, mental clutters have become basic given the overall way of life. Among those normally influenced by the mental issue are those in the media particularly the film on-screen characters, columnists, and performers. One such individual is Britney Spears who was as of late determined to have a mental issue known as Bipolar disorder.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Psychology Disorder and Its Treatment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since she was a media character, the general population had her condition overstated with some contending that she her psychological state had detonated. In any case, the specialist going to her affirmed that Britney Spears was experiencing bipolar confusion. This paper is hence an investigation of the mental issue that Spears is experiencing by taking a gander at the condition and the treatment that it ought to be concurred. Outline of the Disorder Bipolar confusion simply li ke the greater part of the other mental issue is related with mental deformities influencing the cerebrum of the individual. Proposals abandons are typically activated by a few factors that could either be ecological, hereditary, or common factors just to specify a couple. Bipolar turmoil is typically portrayed by times of extraordinary joy, which could be followed, by times of outrageous discouragement and the other way around (Nolen-Hoeksema, et al, 2009). The meetings are exceptionally subject to the present movement of the individual including what they could be encountering during the various occasions. All things considered, the individual reacts to the current conditions at elevated levels of the observation. For example, when confronted with troublesome conditions, the individual could be incredibly discouraged. Then again, uplifting news to the individual could be gotten with outrageous joy. In that capacity, the meetings of extraordinary satisfaction and sorrow typically a ffect the life of the person. With respect to the instance of Britney Spears, the bipolar issue has fundamentally influenced her music profession given the uncivilized conduct she has related because of the turmoil. For instance, she has a wide range of shows during stage exhibitions just as in her private life (Celizic, 2008, p.1). This is owing to the perpetual rundown of activities that she was blamed for having submitted. She started with shaving her long bolts out of the blue and from that point causally strolling into a tattoo parlor to get another tattoo (Rentz, 2009, p.1). The accompanying, Britney was associated with a few mishaps all achieved by the turmoil. Following the numerous mishaps, Britney had a few cases in the court, the greater part of which she missed the court hearings. At one example in 2008, â€Å"Britney secured herself in the washroom of her home with her little kids, declining to come out. It moved into a police deadlock with full media attention.Adverti sing Looking for inquire about paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eventually, Britney was completed of the home on a cot and taken to Cedars Sinai Medical Center† (Rentz, 2009, p.1). Given all these making trouble, Britney was precluded the care from securing her youngsters since her activities demonstrated her flippant. It is obvious that individuals experiencing bipolar condition can't make great guardians given the way that they will in general be amazingly passionate (Nolen-Hoeksema, et al, 2009). They might be excessively delicate on the youngsters and at different circumstances being extremely difficult. This isn't the perfect instance of a parent as they (guardians) are relied upon to be trading off among different characteristics. The court was in this way advocated in precluding Britney the guardianship from claiming her kids. In spite of the way that Britney cherishes her kids, obviously her psychological handicap is a hindrance to her creation of appropriate judgment with respect to the life of her kids. Moreover, Jamie Spears, the dad of Britney Spears was given the power to ration and deal with Britney Spears’ domain. The bipolar issue that Britney Spears experiences has been connected to different causes, with some demonstrating that she experienced post birth anxiety after both her pregnancies, something that could have added to her present condition. For example, sources have guaranteed that her condition deteriorated after the last youngster was conceived. This is on the grounds that she didn't require any assistance from anyone around her. In any case, Doctors show that bipolar issue â€Å"usually begins in youthful adulthood from age 18 through mid twenties. Up until that point, the individual has all the earmarks of being really typical, however it’s like a ticking bomb† (Wihlborg, 2008, p.1). Some of Britney’s dear companions have asserted that she has been seen taking enemy of nervousness prescription given the way that her condition prompts a lopsided psyche. Treatment of the Disorder The most significant thing about bipolar issue is early determination so treatment is begun early. Offered the way that the hints of bipolar issue are particular makes it simple to analyze as bipolar issue persistent. In any case, it is significant that doctors or specialists lead the determination to keep away from wrong analysis (Yatham, 2010). When the specialist or doctor has analyzed the condition, treatment starts right away. Much the same as the majority of the mental issue, patients of bipolar issue are taken to restoration focuses where treatment happens. The treatment of bipolar issue is typically two crease, including pharmacological and mental treatment strategies. The sort of treatment is regularly reliant on the seriousness of the condition with certain patients experiencing one kind of treatment while for o thers a mix of both medications.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Psychology Disorder and Its Treatment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More During treatment, the patients are ordinarily given state of mind stabilizers at the underlying phases of the treatment so as to direct the times of sorrow and madness. A portion of the normally recommended stabilizers incorporate Lithium, Depakote, and Tegretol among others. When the downturn has been directed using the state of mind stabilizers, mental treatment at that point sets in whereby the patients are advised on the best way to manage the condition. In any case, in spite of the much exertion that doctors and clinicians do so as to help the bipolar issue patients recuperate, some have demonstrated to be uncooperative. For example, examines have demonstrated that the majority of the patients oppose from taking the medicine given their crazy person condition, which makes them uninformed of their condition. Also, different patients have been noted to stop taking the prescription when the manifestations vanish without realizing that they could repeat. Other than this, different impediments underlie the treatment of bipolar issue henceforth requiring the intercession of searchers and clinical professionals. For example, in the ongoing past, new medicines have been discovered that help treat the bipolar issue. These incorporate Modafinil, Tamoxifen, and Riluzole just to specify a couple. End From the conversation above, plainly bipolar confusion is a condition that could influence the vocation of an individual like the instance of Britney Spears. In that capacity, it is criticalness that the condition is blessed to receive forestall further harm like it has finished with Britney Spears. Research has shown that Britney has been in and out restoration places, which ought not be the situation since a patient is regularly expected to be in the recovery until completely recuperatio n. Much the same as in other bipolar issue patients, Britney has the right to experience both pharmacological and mental medicines since her case is extreme according to the itemized cases enrolled before in the paper. Reference List Celizic, M. (2008). Sources: Spears experiencing bipolar turmoil. Web. Nolen-Hoeksema, S et al. (2009). Atkinson and Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology,â 15th Edition. Stamford: Cengage Learning.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on brain research? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Rentz, A. (2009). Britney Spears: Suspected Bipolar Disorder. Web. Wihlborg, U. (2008). Britney Suffers from Psychological Disease. Web. Yatham, L. (2010). Bipolar Disorder: Clinical and Neurobiological Foundations. West Sussex, U.K. John Wiley Sons. This examination paper on Psychology Disorder and Its Treatment was composed and put together by client Temperance Boyer to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

How to Write an Excellent Example Essay

How to Write an Excellent Example EssayAfter reading this article, you might have a good idea of what is involved in writing an excellent example essay topic. The first thing you need to know is that you should have a list of examples to use. If you do not already have a list, you should make one now.The second thing you should do is to research the examples on your list. You can do this by calling the university where you are applying to or by looking them up online. The best sources of information are real students who have done their assignments at that school and found them to be useful. You can also talk to other people who have taken those same courses.When you have the examples prepared, you will need to do some organizing and research on your own. You should have a good starting point when you organize them because your first draft will largely depend on the sources. You want to choose samples that are used in successful writing classes and who are easy to read and understand .Your examples must be related to your school. Many of them will be general and you will want to avoid subjects that are not relevant to your program. That being said, there are some sample topics that are less specific but still relevant to your program.Once you have selected the examples, you should prepare the outline for the essay. The outline can be as simple as making sure that the examples you have chosen are easy to understand and follow. However, if you are looking for some help, you can call your school's English department and they can tell you what you need to write.When you have an outline, you should begin to write the examples. You should start with the simplest example possible and then proceed to the more complex one. This way, you will have a concrete understanding of what you will be writing.Another way you can learn how to write examples is to watch other people write their examples. You will be able to see what they are doing wrong and then fix it. Doing this wi ll teach you how to write effectively and be a great asset to you.It takes a lot of work to write a good example essay. If you are not familiar with what a typical essay should look like, it can be very difficult. Therefore, do not despair!

Scientific and Mathematical Contributions of Ancient...

Our advancements in science and mathematics are typically overlooked in todays society. We take the growth of these fields for granted, but we never really think about who developed these ideas, why they did this, or how it has affected where we are today. The truth is, we have inherited all of our scientific and mathematical skills and theories from ancient civilizations. Ancient Greece is often known for its strong advancements in philosophy. Ancient China is most well known for its inventions. The Ancient Indian civilization is usually not viewed as an important society in ancient history because they kept very few written records. Most people dont know just how important Ancient India actually was in history. The scientific and mathematical contributions of Ancient Greece, China, and India have all had a great influence on us today. Out of these three ancient civilizations, Ancient Greece has had the greatest impact over time because the majority of mathematics and science that are used and taught today originated in Ancient Greece, including geometry, cartography, and astronomy. Ancient Greek geometry is arguably the greatest mathematical achievement of Ancient Greece. The geometry that is taught in schools today is almost an exact replica of the geometry that was developed by Euclid almost 2,000 years ago. Geometric theories found in the Elements were taught directly to students until the twentieth century (Timmons, The Three Unsolved Problems of AncientShow MoreRelatedMathematical and Scientific Discoveries of India, China and Greece2301 Words   |  10 PagesTopic #4: Mathematical and Scientific Discoveries of India, China, and Greece There are many ancient civilizations that had achievements in math and science. Three of these civilizations were India, China, and Greece. 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Some of the benefits of being socially responsible include (a) Enhanced company and brand image (b) Easier to attract and retain employees (c) Increased market share (d) Lower operating costs and (e) Easier to attractRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesExplanations ........................................................................................ 483 Assessing Alternative Explanations ................................................................................................ 488 The Scientific Method ........................................................................................................................ 490 Some Case Studies .............................................................................................

Banana Oil Synthesis Report Essays - 1695 Words

aMicroscale Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Objective: Carried out the microscale synthesis of isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. This was an acid catalyzed Fischer esterification. Both extraction and distillation were employed to obtain a pure product. IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography were used to determine purity of the final product. Reagents: * Compound: | * MW (g/mol): | * MP ( °C): | * BP ( °C): | * Density (g/mL): | * Properties/ Safety: | * Isopentyl AlcoholC5H12O | * 88.15 | * -117.0 | * 132.0 | * 0.81 | * Clear, colorless liquid, disagreeable odor, flammable. Hazardous in case of skin, eye contact and ingestion and inhalation.†¦show more content†¦Table 1: Figure 1 summary: IR spectrum isopentyl acetate: Peak (cm-1) | Corresponding Bond: | 2959.98 | C-H | 2872.89 | C-H | 1743.38 | C=O (Ester) | 1244.50 | C-O | Gas Chromatography (GC) Results: The GC resulted in one peak determined to be 100% isopentyl acetate based on comparing to the results of a known sample of isopentyl acetate which had a similar peak after a retention time of 1.5 minutes. Refer to figure 4 for results summarized below. Table 2: Figure 4 GC Summary: Retention Time (min) | Area | % Composition | Identity | 1.525 | 1.7 x 107 | 100% | Isopentyl acetate | NMR spectrum of typical isopentyl acetate sample is also shown in figure 3a. Discussion: This sulfuric acid catalyzed Fischer esterification reaction used excess acetic acid reacted with isopentyl alcohol to create isopentyl acetate. 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Ikeas Internalization Strategy free essay sample

During Ikea’s expansion on the international market Japan was the first country in Asia that Ikea considered to enter in 1970’s. The differences between culture, lifestyle and behavior made Ikea face the failure. Japan is different from other European countries that Ikea was already present in, so it was difficult to pursue success in the same way. In 1986 Ikea had to withdraw their store out of Japan because of difficulties and then, twenty years later, they decided to reenter the Japanese market for one more time. At present, there are six Ikea stores in Japan, last of which was opened in 2009. Having entered only five European countries by the time Ikea decided to internationalize in Japan, Ikea’s international experience was rather poor. In this thesis, it will be studied why Ikea chose to internationalize in a culturally distant country as Japan at the given time as well as analyzed which cultural and strategic factors were behind Ikea’s failure and success on the Japanese market. 1. 2 Thesis statement The objective of the thesis is to understand factors in Ikea’s internationalization strategy in Japan that influenced the failure on the Japanese market in the first round but success in the second round. 1. 3 Delimitations The thesis makes use only of secondary data, whereas primary data is not present, due to the difficulty in accessing the data since Ikea has expanded to Japan for the first time for a long time ago. Moreover, executives continually changed, which made it very difficult to find a way of contacting them. Customer interviews, which could have been a useful tool for analyzing effectiveness of Ikea’s new strategy in Japan, are not used in this thesis for the reason of great distance between Japan and Denmark and language barriers, which made it almost impossible for me, as a student, to accomplish. In depth economical analysis of the Japanese market is left out of discussion being considered irrelevant, since the thesis focuses on external communication. For the same reason analysis of Ikea company structure and internal communication is not included. 1. 4 Method In the thesis secondary data is used for analysis. Even though secondary data does not possess the same advantages as primary data, which is collected for a particular research purpose, it is less time and money consuming, proving a suitable method to solve a specific research problem. [1] The information retrieved by and large form various articles was carefully collated and subjected to critical scrutiny in order to increase its consistence and reliability. Yet, since Ikea’s first expansion on the Japanese market took place more then thirty years ago, no articles which would treat the whole set of strategies employed at that time were available. The information derives mainly from articles which describe Ikea’s new entry on the market and only refer to the past events. It is fully acknowledged that this fact can result in a somewhat deficient picture of Ikea’s strategy in the 1970’s, yet the key data relevant for our analysis could still be retrieved from the secondary sources to form a reliable basis for our research. 1. 4. 1 Choice of theory As this thesis is about internationalization process, literature relevant for the topic had been reviewed. In order to find out why Ikea internationalized on the Japanese market, what factors influenced the choice of marketing strategy in the fist round and lead to failure, and what factors made Ikea to review the strategy and succeed in the second round, the choice had been placed on the following theories: 1. The Uppsala internationalization process model explains the impact of knowledge and learning to the firm’s approach to foreign markets. It has been used to understand why Ikea decided to internationalize on the Japanese market in the first place and how the knowledge affected the entry mode and strategy choice. Moreover, it is used to analyze why and how Ikea has changed the strategy when expanding on the Japanese market for the second time and the consequences of that. Criticism of the theory is taken into consideration when conducting the analysis. 2. The concept of psychic distance is implemented to gain understanding of factors that hampered the successful internalization and explain how the perception of the cultural differences influenced choice of a marketing strategy. 3. Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions have been used to define cultural differences between countries of interest. 4. Standardization and adaptation pproaches are used to elaborate on the strategies used on the Japanese market, and explain how the degree of adaptation contributed to failure in the first round and success in the second. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed. 2. Discussion of theory In this section theories that are considered relevant for the study are presented and discussed. 2. 1 Reasons for internationalization The retailer’s decision to internationalise is in most cases driven by the sales growth. Sales growth is a measure of success and if the desired growth could be achieved on the domestic market, according to Kotler, most companies would prefer to remain domestic. However, it is much easier to grow sales by increasing the store network than by getting more sales out of existing stores, and if the domestic market is not large enough any more, foreign markets give the retailer an opportunity to grow. The international arena gets attractive when the company discovers higher profit opportunities than on the domestic market, when it needs a larger customer base to achieve economies of scale, when the company wants to reduce its dependence on a particular market or gives an opportunity to counterattack the competitors that attack the company on its domestic market on their home markets. [2] In general, a company prefers to enter countries that rank high on market attractiveness, that are low in market risk, and in which it possesses competitive advantage. [3] 2. 2 The Uppsala internationalization process model Once a firm has reached a decision to internationalize, the next step would be to choose a strategy. The internationalization strategy is a first step to success or failure. The choice of the country and the way to approach it require knowledge of foreign markets. The Uppsala internationalization model reflects on how the knowledge development influences the market choice and international marketing activities, and is employed in this thesis while analyzing Ikea’s expansion on the Japanese market. The Uppsala internationalization model was developed by Johanson and Vahlne in 1977 and is based on Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul study of internationalization of four Swedish firms. There are two assumptions that the model is based on: first, firms want to increase their long term profit at one site, but at the other site want to keep risk-taking at a low level; second, the lack of knowledge about foreign markets is a major obstacle to the development of international organizations, and that the necessary knowledge can be acquired mainly through operations abroad. [4] It focuses on four aspects that firms should face while going abroad: market knowledge and commitment, and commitment decisions and current activities which are divided into stage and change aspects that interact with each other in a cycle. [pic] The two state aspects market knowledge and commitment decisions are resources committed to foreign markets. Market commitment is measured as the amount of resources committed to foreign markets on the one hand, and the degree of commitment on the other hand. The amount of resources committed is easy to grasp. â€Å"It is close to the size of the investment in the market, using this concept in a broad sense, including investment in marketing, organization, personnel, and other areas. †[5] The degree of commitment is related to the difficulty of finding an alternative use for the resources and transferring them to it. â€Å"The more specialized the resources are to the specific market the greater is the degree of commitment. †[6] Market knowledge is classified into two types. Objective knowledge can be taught and on its basis it is only possible to formulate theoretical opportunities. Experiential knowledge can only be learned by personal experience and provides the framework for perceiving and formulating opportunities. Johanson and Vahlne view the experiential knowledge as critical, for it cannot be so easily acquired as objective knowledge. It must be gained successively during the operations in the country. Another way to classify knowledge is to make a distinction between general knowledge and market-specific knowledge. General knowledge concerns, in the present context, marketing methods and common characteristics of certain types of customers, irrespective of their geographical location, depending, for example, in the case of industrial customers, on similarities in the production process. It has been argued that the market-specific knowledge relates to characteristics of the specific national markets such as its business climate, cultural patterns, structure of the market system, and, first and foremost, characteristics of the individual customer firms and their personnel. While general knowledge can be transferred from one country to another, market-specific knowledge can be achieved mainly through experience in the market. [7] The two change aspects are current business activities and commitment decisions. They are of more variable nature then the state aspects. Current business activities are all of the activities undertaken by a firm at a certain moment. There is a lag between current activities and the consequences of these activities. The longer the lag, the higher is the commitment of the firm. Marketing activities are a good illustration of this. Current activities are also the prime source of experience. Market experience can be also obtained by hiring people with this experience or to make an appeal to external advisors. To clarify the roles of these alternative ways of integrating experience into the firm in the internationalization process, the authors of the model make a distinction between firm experience and market experience, both of which are essential. Persons working on the boundary between the firm and its market must be able to interpret information from inside the firm and from the market. â€Å"The interpretation of one kind of information is possible only for one who has experience in the other part. [8] The authors conclude that, for the performance of marketing activities, both kinds of experience are required; and in this area it is difficult to substitute personnel or advice from outside for current activities. The more the activities are production-oriented, or the less interaction is required between fi rm and its market environment, the easier it will be to substitute hired personnel or advice for current activities. On the other hand, the more market-oriented, the more difficult it is to rely on hired personnel or external advice because they lack the necessary firm experience. The second change aspect is the decision to commit resources to foreign operations. According to Johanson and Vahlne, these decisions are made because there are problems or opportunities in the market. Problems and opportunities are mostly discovered by parts of the organization working in the market (marketing personnel, salesmen). But opportunities can also be seen by individuals in organizations with which the firm is interacting; these individuals may propose alternative solutions to the firm in the form of offers and demand. The probability that the firm will be offered opportunities from outside is dependent on the scale and type of operations it is performing; that is, on its commitment to the market. [9] There are two kinds of commitment decisions: scale-increasing commitment decisions and uncertainty reducing decisions. Scale-increasing commitments are influenced by factors such as competitive or political stabilization of the market, which means that the firm can function peacefully and obtain market knowledge through experience, that way increasing market commitment by declining uncertainty about the market, and increase of total returns of the firm or more aggressive approach towards risk, which leads to increasing market commitment by raising the maximum tolerable risk level. Uncertainty-reducing commitment can be occasioned by decrease of maximum tolerable risk level or increase of existing risk in the market. [10] Another aspect of the model, the stage model, is that firms develop their activities abroad over time in an incremental fashion, based on their knowledge development, in two dimensions. One dimension is mode of operation which illustrates the market commitment, and the other is market dimension which illustrates the geographic diversification. There are 4 stages of entering an international market in the mode of operation. First stage is no regular exports activities, stage two is export via independent representatives, third stage is establishment of a foreign sales subsidiary, and fourth stage is foreign production and sales subsidiary. The successive stages represent higher degrees of market commitment. [11] International activities require knowledge when entering new markets, which is emphasised in the market knowledge aspect of the model. The better the knowledge about the market the more valuable are the resources and the stronger is the commitment to the market. Even though the empirical research confirms that commitment and experience are important factors explaining international business behaviour, some criticism concerning the model has been expressed. [12] Studies have shown that the model is not valid for service industries, because the growing reinforcement of foreign commitments implied by the process model is absent. Given that Ikea is not a service but a retailer only including subordinate services, this criticism will be seen at as not relevant in this particular case. Another criticism of the model is based on studies claiming that firms seem lately to skip the early stages of the establishment chain entering psychically distant markets at an early stage and to â€Å"leap-frog some intermediate entry modes in order to move away from the sequentialist pattern and more directly to some kind of foreign investment†. [13] As Hollensen explains, this is possible, because the level of uncertainty is reduced by the fact that markets are becoming more homogenous, psychic distance has decreased, and services and information offered by international consulting firms reduce the level of uncertainty by providing knowledge about foreign markets. This does not exclude, however, that the firm’s international activities develop in the incremental fashion based on their knowledge development, but means that the process of knowledge development is going faster. 2. 3 The concept of psychic distance The internationalization process is also explained by the concept of psychic distance, with firms expanding first into markets which are psychically close and most easy to understand and into more distant markets as their knowledge develop. Psychic distance is defined in terms of factors such as differences in language, culture, and political systems, which disturb the flow of information between the firm and the market. [14] The higher is the level of psychic distance, the more knowledge is required in order to reduce the uncertainty level. However, there has been some criticism concerning among other things the measurement of the psychic distance. According to the model, psychic distance is caused by individual decision-makers perceived uncertainty, which means that the distance exists in the minds of individuals. As a result, â€Å"the concept does not refer to an objective concept or measurement of a cultural distance which may influence corporate behavior. Hence, the psychic distance may not capture the influence of cultural differences on firm’s internationalization process. †[15] Seen from another perspective, however, cultural distances among countries have an influence on the individual’s perception. The greater the cultural distance of the foreign country to the home country, the less knowledge about the new environment is likely to be available and the more difficult it is to understand and learn about the foreign country on the individual level as well. Thus, according to Sousa and Bradley analysis, there is a positive relationship between cultural and psychic distance: the greater the cultural distance between the home and the foreign market, the greater is the psychic distance. [16] According to Sousa and Bradley, cultural distance, and thus psychic distance, can be measured using Hofstede’s study on cultural differences. Bjorkman and Forsgren argue, however, that Hofstede’s results concern cross-cultural differences in people’s relationship with one another when they act as employees, i. e. ntra-organizational relationships across nations. They do not explain cultural differences in general, for instance, cross-cultural differences in consumer behavior. [17] Still, cross-cultural differences in intra-organizational relationships and consumer behavior have the same root, which is the difference between cultures in general and lack of its understanding. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, which are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, describe the cultural differences on the intra-organizational level because they explain the cultural differences in these areas in general, thus giving an insight in the culture. So, even though they cannot explain psychic distance and consumer behavior completely, they still do highlight some preferences and can be useful in an analysis of cultural differences. This conclusion will be used when dealing with the psychic distance concept in this thesis. The concept has also been criticized in other aspects. First of all, for that it assumes that all firms at a given stage of internationalization are influenced by cultural differences in the same direction and by the same intensity. This does not justify that multinational companies are not influenced by cultural differences in all aspects of their international behavior as small companies. Secondly, it may be problematic to use the country as a unit of analysis when dealing with psychic distance. What really matters is the gap between actual and expected behavior. [18] This critic is considered when conducting an analysis. 2. 4 Srandardization vs. adaptation Once a company has decided which markets to enter, it needs to deal with the cultural differences identified on the foreign market and choose a marketing program accordingly. The following theory reflects on the strategy choice and will be used to analyse it in case of Ikea on the Japanese market. International companies must decide how much to adapt their marketing strategy to local conditions. At the one extreme are companies that use a globally standardized marketing mix worldwide, whereas at the other extreme is an adapted marketing mix, where the producer adjusts the marketing program to each target country. Standardizing the marketing program has advantages such as economies of scale in production and distribution, lower marketing costs, consistency in brand image, ability to leverage good ideas quickly and efficiently. [19] It is said to offer the possibility of building a uniform worldwide corporate image, a world brand or global brand with a global image. However, only few products and brands allow for a fully standardized approach. Differences in consumer needs, wants, and usage patterns for products, consumer response to marketing-mix elements, differences in brand and product development, competitive environment, legal environment, marketing institutions and administrative procedures all make it necessary for the company to place the choice between standardized and differentiated marketing strategy. Some changes in product features, packaging, channels, pricing or communication are needed in different global markets in order to make sure that the company’s marketing is relevant to consumers in every market. The degree of adaptation can be influenced by product category, the company’s organization and management, homogenization of consumer needs and tastes, product life cycle and brand positioning or, for instance, by psychic and cultural differences.

The Last King of Scotland Essays - Films, The Last King Of Scotland

The Last King of Scotland We have watched the movie T he Last King of Scotland , which I am now going to analyze . I will focus on the directors' work of light-composition, the use of perspective and the way the music is chosen to cooperate with the tones of the scenes. The Last King of Scotland , directed by Kevin Macdonald, is an action filled movie about the corresponding relationship between Idi Amin, the Ugandan dictator, and Nicholas Garrigan, a Scottish doctor. The whole story begins with Garrigan as he moves to Uganda as a result of him starting to work for a missionary clinic. After a while, Garrigan and Amin run into each other's and begin to develop a relationship. As time goes by, the ir liaison begins to form into a friendship and Amin start to heavily trust on Garrigan. After many conversations and discussions about the state issues, Garrigan begins to see that Amin's government is the true definition to "political corruption". Even though Amin always manage to put forth hi s most charming sides, Garrigan in the course of time finally see through his artifice and get to see the ruthless dictator that Amin really is. As a consequence , Garrigan start s to interweave in the politics of Ugan da. Furthermore , the movie also leads us through Garraigan's romances with Sara Me rit and Kay Amin. The Last King of Scotland was an intense movie to watch witch many moments that made my heart wrench a bit. The movie was made with scenes that used amazing film techniques to draw the attention of the viewer. The techniques were so good that you as a viewer, felt that you were in Uganda and dealt with the same problems as Dr. Garrigan. However, in this movie , darkness is widespread and the faces in dialogues are often wrapped in shadow . As a result of many scenes being dominated by darkness, the music plays an important role in the way the viewer perceives the tone of the scene. The most commonly music is in the genre African popular music, though in this genre, different type of tones. As an example of this, when the music plays an important role, is in the end of the movie in the scene when Garrigan is fleeing Uganda. Because in the moment we see Garrigan escape Uganda we are also being informed that Amin have been deposed as president. At this moment, in this scene , the director w ants the audience to experience relief. He succeeds very well by letting an ataractic guitar playing ove r the scenes of dancing people i n the streets. Another example i s in those scenes when Garrigan is troubled and when the audience are to feel distr essin g , the tones in the music are instead sharp. In this way, the tones of the scenes are enhan ced by the music. This is one of those as aforementioned really good techniques Macdonald is using. Furthermore, a n important message in the movie I would say , is the development of political corruption I Uganda during the time Amin ruled . The director uses several really good techniques in the matter of relaying this message of the movie. The use of perspective is probably the most apparent technique to achieve this. By letting the audience follow the observant Garrigan allows us to become aware of the corruption in Uganda in the same moment as Garrigan himself. The surreptitious corruption in Uganda is therefore revealed through the method of perspective. Another technique that contributes to relay the central message of the film is the portrait of Amin. Amin is a happy and friendly person when he speaks to his people, but unofficially, he is a brutal man. This reflects the dishonesty inside the state as it the individuals living in Uganda are totally oblivious to. Furthermore, the director also uses the "lightn ing t echnique" as mentioned before, to communicate the message s to the viewers. He does this by darken the conversations that are , as to say "forbidden". This technique makes the contrast between the official outer and truth very clear. Moreover, the